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Mercy seat
According to the Bible, the mercy () was the gold lid with its two cherubs coming out of the ends of it to form a covering over the Ark of the Covenant. This was connected with the rituals of the Day of Atonement; where God did appear. The term also appears in later Jewish sources, and twice in the New Testament, from where it has significance in Christian theology.
The English phrase ''mercy seat'' is a translation of the Hebrew ''kapporeth'' (in the Masoretic text) and its Greek ''hilasterion'' (in the Septuagint) by William Tyndale influenced by the German word ''Gnadenstuhl'' as in the Luther Bible; ''Gnadenstuhl'', literally meaning ''seat of grace''.
==Etymology==
Though ''kapporeth'' is probably derived from ''kaphar'', which is often considered to mean ''cover'', the literal meaning of ''kaphar'' is ''wipe out'', implying that ''kapporeth'' means ''thing of wiping out''/''thing of cleansing'';〔Cheyne and Black, ''Encyclopedia Biblica'' 1899 Mercy Seat〕 the cognate Arabic term ''kaffarat'' (also generally taken to mean ''cover'', but from which the word ''kafir'' also derives) is used in modern legal contexts to refer to any mechanism of rectifying illegality (ranging from rectifying the failure to fast during Ramadan to the rectification of murder), for example the freeing of a slave after the slave has suffered shocking circumstances could be considered as a ''kaffarat''.〔 Similarly, ''hilasterion'' etymologically means ''thing for propitiation'', with Hesychius writing that a synonym of ''hilasterion'' was ''thing for catharsis'', while the Vulgate translates it as ''propitiatorium''.〔 Thus it is unclear whether the ''kapporeth'' was the lid of the Ark, or merely sat on top of the Ark, possibly with the Ark having a cover beneath it.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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